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What is Industry 4.0?

  What is Industry 4.0 and what are some of the technologies that are driving it? Industry 4.0 is a term that refers to the fourth industrial revolution, which is characterized by the integration of digital technologies, such as artificial intelligence, cloud computing, big data, the internet of things, robotics, and 3D printing, into the manufacturing sector. Industry 4.0 aims to create smart factories that are more efficient, flexible, and responsive to customer needs and market changes. Some of the technologies that are enabling Industry 4.0 are: - Artificial intelligence (AI) : AI is the ability of machines to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as reasoning, learning, decision-making, and problem-solving. AI can help optimize production processes, improve product quality, reduce costs, and enhance customer satisfaction. - Cloud computing: Cloud computing is delivering computing services, such as servers, storage, databases, software, and analytics, ov...
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What is arduino?

 Arduino is a project, open-source hardware, and software platform used to design and build electronic devices. It designs and manufactures microcontroller kits and single-board interfaces for building electronics projects.

The Arduino boards were initially created to help students with non-technical backgrounds.

The designs of Arduino boards. 

use a variety of controllers and microprocessors.

The Arduino board consists of sets of analog and digital I/O (Input / Output) pins, which are further interfaced to breadboard, expansion boards, and other circuits. Such boards feature the model, Universal Serial Bus (USB), and serial communication interfaces, which are used for loading programs from the computers.

It also provides an IDE (Integrated Development Environment) project, which is based on the Processing Language to upload the code to the physical board.

The projects are authorized under the GPL and LGPL. The GPL is named a GNU General Public License. The licensed LGPL is named as GNU Lesser General Public License. It allows the use of Arduino boards, its software distribution, and can be manufactured by anyone.

It is also available in the form of self practicing kits.

The Arduino

is used for various purposes, such as:

  • Finger button
  • Button for motor activation
  • Light as a sensors
  • LED button
  • Designing
  • The Building of electronic devices

What is Arduino?

Arduino is a software as well as a hardware platform that helps in making electronic projects. It is an open-source platform and has a variety of controllers and microprocessors. There are various types of Arduino boards used for various purposes.

The Arduino is a single circuit board, which consists of different interfaces or parts. The board consists of a set of digital and analog pins that are used to connect various devices and components, which we want to use for the functioning of the electronic devices.

Most of the Arduino consists of 14 digital I/O pins.

The analog pins in Arduino are mostly useful for fine-grained control. The pins in the Arduino board are arranged in a specific pattern. The other devices on the Arduino board are USB ports, small components (voltage regulator or oscillator), microcontroller, power connector, etc.

Features

The features of Arduino are listed below:

  • Arduino programming is a simplified version of C++, which makes the learning process easy.
  • The Arduino IDE is used to control the functions of boards. It further sends the set of specifications to the microcontroller.
  • Arduino does not need an extra board or piece to load new code.
  • Arduino can read analog and digital input signals.
  • The hardware and software platform is easy to use and implement.

Microcontroller

The most essential part of the Arduino is the Microcontroller, which is shown below:

Arduino Tutorial
  • The microcontroller is a small and low-power computer. Most of the microcontrollers have RAM (Random Access Memory), CPU (Central Processing Unit), and memory storage like other computer systems.
  • It has a very small memory of 2KB (two Kilobytes). Due to less memory, some microcontrollers are capable of running only one program at a time.
  • It is a single chip that includes memory, Input/Output (I/O) peripherals, and a processor.
  • The GPIO (General Purpose Input Output) pins present on the chip help us to control other electronics or circuitry from the program.

Electronics  devices around us

We have many electronic devices around us. Most of the appliance consists of a microcontroller for their functioning. Let's discuss some of the examples.

  • The microcontroller present in Microwave Oven accepts the user input and controls the magnet run that generates microwave rays to cook the food and displays the output timer.
  • Modern cars also contain dozens of microcontrollers working in tandem (one after another) to control functions like lighting, radio interface, etc.

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Playing with Buttons

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Home Automation

A smart system made by using Node MCU dev board. What is Node MCU? NodeMCU is an open-source firmware for which open-source prototyping board designs are available. The name "NodeMCU" combines "node" and "MCU" (micro-controller unit). The term "NodeMCU" strictly speaking refers to the firmware rather than the associated development kits.  Both the firmware and prototyping board designs are open source. Requirments Node MCU 4 channel relay toggle switch * 4 Hi-links (220v ac to 5v dc) Circuit Diagram Program #ifdef ENABLE_DEBUG         #define DEBUG_ESP_PORT Serial         #define NODEBUG_WEBSOCKETS         #define NDEBUG #endif #include <Arduino.h> #include <ESP8266WiFi.h> #include "SinricPro.h" #include "SinricProSwitch.h" #include <map> #define WIFI_SSID         "your wifi name"     #define WIFI_PASS         "your wifi pass" #define APP_KEY...
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Turn LED On and Off Through LDR

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Temperature sensor

About the LM35 The LM35 is an inexpensive, precision Centigrade temperature sensor made by  Texas Instruments . It provides an output voltage that is linearly proportional to the Centigrade temperature and is, therefore, very easy to use with the Arduino. The sensor does not require any external calibration or trimming to provide accuracies of ±0.5°C at room temperature and ±1°C over the −50°C to +155°C temperature range. One of the downsides of the sensor is that it requires a negative bias voltage to read negative temperatures. So if that is needed for your project, I recommend using the DS18B20 or TMP36 instead. The TMP36 by Analog Devices is very similar to the LM35 and can read temperatures from -40°C to 125°C without any external components Note that the sensor operates on a voltage range of 4 to 30 V and that the output voltage is independent of the supply voltage. The LM35 is part of a series of analog temperature sensors sold by Texas Instruments. Other members of the seri...
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MQ2 Gas Sensor

 About Gas Sensor The MQ series of gas sensors use a small heater inside with an electrochemical sensor. They are sensitive to a range of gasses and are used indoors at room temperature. The output is an analog signal and can be read with an analog input of the Arduino. The MQ-2 Gas Sensor module is useful for gas leakage detection in homes and industries. It can detect LPG, i-butane, propane, methane, alcohol, hydrogen, and smoke. Some modules have a built-in variable resistor to adjust the sensitivity of the sensor. Note:  The sensor becomes very hot after a while, don't touch it! Required  Arduino UNO Breadboard MQ-2 Gas sensor module Red, Green led 5mm 220 Ohm Buzzer The connections are pretty easy: The MQ-5 sensor Pin-> Wiring to Arduino Uno A0-> Analog pins D0-> none GND-> GND VCC-> 5V other components Pin-> Wiring to Arduino Uno D13-> +ve of buzzer GND-> -ve of buzzer D12-> anode of red light D11-> anode of green light GND-> cathode...
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Play a melody with a Piezo speaker

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Seven Segment Display Interfacing with Arduino

Seven-Segment Introduction  Let’s start the main part of this tutorial by answering a question: what is a seven-segment display? As its name suggests, a 7-segment device consists of 7  light-emitting diodes . These light-emitting diodes are arranged and packed inside a single display with a specific pattern in mind. If this pattern is controlled in a specific way by turning on and turning off LEDs, a seven-segment device will display a unique number. There is also an extra eighth LED on a seven-segment display which is used to display dots. This dot is sometimes used as a decimal point when we want to display a fractional value.  The picture below shows a seven-segment display and its pinout. The string of eight LEDs on the left side shows the internal connection and a picture on the right side shows how these LEDs are arranged to make a seven-segment display. Pin3 and 8 are common pins. These pins are used to provide either 5 volts or ground in common-anode and common ca...
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Mini Oscilloscope via Arduino Nano

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Fade an LED

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Fire Alarm with arduino

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