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  What is Industry 4.0 and what are some of the technologies that are driving it? Industry 4.0 is a term that refers to the fourth industrial revolution, which is characterized by the integration of digital technologies, such as artificial intelligence, cloud computing, big data, the internet of things, robotics, and 3D printing, into the manufacturing sector. Industry 4.0 aims to create smart factories that are more efficient, flexible, and responsive to customer needs and market changes. Some of the technologies that are enabling Industry 4.0 are: - Artificial intelligence (AI) : AI is the ability of machines to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as reasoning, learning, decision-making, and problem-solving. AI can help optimize production processes, improve product quality, reduce costs, and enhance customer satisfaction. - Cloud computing: Cloud computing is delivering computing services, such as servers, storage, databases, software, and analytics, ov...
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Temperature sensor

About the LM35

The LM35 is an inexpensive, precision Centigrade temperature sensor made by Texas Instruments. It provides an output voltage that is linearly proportional to the Centigrade temperature and is, therefore, very easy to use with the Arduino.

The sensor does not require any external calibration or trimming to provide accuracies of ±0.5°C at room temperature and ±1°C over the −50°C to +155°C temperature range.

One of the downsides of the sensor is that it requires a negative bias voltage to read negative temperatures. So if that is needed for your project, I recommend using the DS18B20 or TMP36 instead. The TMP36 by Analog Devices is very similar to the LM35 and can read temperatures from -40°C to 125°C without any external components




Note that the sensor operates on a voltage range of 4 to 30 V and that the output voltage is independent of the supply voltage.

The LM35 is part of a series of analog temperature sensors sold by Texas Instruments. Other members of the series include:

  • LM335 – output voltage directly proportional to the absolute temperature at 10 mV/°K.
  • LM34 – output voltage linearly proportional to Fahrenheit temperature 10 mV/°F.

LM35 pinout

The LM35 comes in 4 different packages, but the most common type is the 3-pin TO-92 transistor package.


The pinout of the sensor is as follows:


Note that pin 1 (+VS) is the leftmost pin when the flat side of the sensor (with the text printed on it) is facing towards you.

NamePinDescription
+VS1Positive power supply pin (4 – 30 V)
VOUT2Temperature sensor analog output
GND3Device ground pin, connect to power supply negative terminal


LM35 analog temperature sensor specifications

Supply voltage4 V to 30 V
Operating current60 µA
Temperature range-55°C to + 155°C
Ensured accuracy±0.5°C at +25°C
±1°C from -55°C to +150°C
Output scale factor10 mV/°C
Output voltage at 25°C250 mV
Self-heating<0.1°C in still air
Package3-pin TO-92
ManufacturerTexas Instruments
CostCheck price

Wiring – Connecting LM35 analog temperature sensor to Arduino

Connecting an LM35 to the Arduino is very easy as you only need to connect 3 pins. Start by connecting the +VS pin to the 5 V output of the Arduino and the GND pin to the ground.

Next, connect the middle pin (VOUT) to any of the analog inputs of the Arduino. In this case, I used the analog input pin A0.


LM35 analog temperature sensor connections

LM35Arduino
Pin 1 (+VS)5 V
Pin 2 (VOUT)Pin A0
PIN 3 (GND)GND


CODE


#define sensorPin A0

void setup() {
  // Begin serial communication at a baud rate of 9600:
  Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop() {
  // Get a reading from the temperature sensor:
  int reading = analogRead(sensorPin);

  // Convert the reading into voltage:
  float voltage = reading * (5000 / 1024.0);

  // Convert the voltage into the temperature in degree Celsius:
  float temperature = voltage / 10;

  // Print the temperature in the Serial Monitor:
  Serial.print(temperature);
  Serial.print(" \xC2\xB0"); // shows degree symbol
  Serial.println("C");

  delay(1000); // wait a second between readings
}

You should see the following output in the Serial Monitor:

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